Pop and Consumerism in the Art of Richard Hamilton

Pop and Consumerism in the Art of Richard Hamilton Pop was the invention of the era of wealth and consumerism experience by western industrial society in the 1950s and 1960s. Both pop’s impact and expression were most distinct in the UK. Pop was so bizarre in its open-minded values and flashy appearance compare to the commonly dull conservatism of English culture and its expression because of the extant of the response to the prevalent British social and cultural situation. The term Pop Art is an abbreviation of Popular Art. Artists of this movement used ordinary everyday items to depict essentials of popular culture, mostly images in advertising and television. The term â€Å"Pop Art† was created in 1958 by an English critic Lawrence†¦show more content†¦With their examination of these products, the Independent Group set out to reform culture. They had found that the vertical pyramid of bourgeois culture, with high culture on the top and low on the bottom, was becoming horizontalized, flattened out by mass c ommodification. In horizontal culture as in general culture, no one form of cultural production was intrinsically more valuable than other. Each product would have to be judged on its own merits, each as potentially valuable as the next in terms of interest or as a point of critical reflection. For the â€Å"This Is Tomorrow† exhibition catalog, Hamilton created the collage â€Å"Just What Is It that Makes Todays Homes So Different, So Appealing?†. Before constructing the collage, he had written down all the areas of popular culture that would contain it: â€Å"man, woman, humanity, history, food, newspapers, cinema, TV, telephone, comics (picture information), world (textual information), tape recording (aural information), cars, domestic appliances, space.† He gave this list to his wife and family friend, who spent days cutting out magazine images that matched these categories. Then Hamilton made a selection from these clippings and used them to create the final collage. Beneath his list he added: â€Å"the image should, therefore, be thought of as tabular as well as pictorial.† As much as collage hangs together as a picture, it is also a tabulation of horizontal culture. In linking â€Å"Just What Is ItShow MoreRelatedConsumerism And Consumerism1315 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Hamilton, the pioneer of pop art, could recognize the powerful influence of the popular culture, consumption trend and the media. His artworks successfully captured such recognition and led the innovation of the visual image. After the devastating effect of World War II, American pop art introduced to Europe nations and it became their part of European postwar culture. After the fall of the Feudalism, the capitalist mode of production was introduced in many European countries. The countriesRead MoreRichard Hamilton : The Hardworking Daddy Pop3055 Words   |  13 PagesRichard Hamilton: The Hardworking Daddy Pop Richard Hamilton is a giant figure in the art world because of his innovative works in Pop Art. The uniqueness of Hamilton’s creations eventually turned into a movement that influenced artists all over the world. Nevertheless, during his lifetime, Hamilton had constantly challenged himself to different ideas, reinventing his artist-self countless of times. Up until the day he died at age 89, Hamilton was currently still working on a new exhibit. HamiltonRead More How did pop art challenge beleifs in consumerism Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesHow did pop art challenge beleifs in consumerism Introduction: In order to discuss pop art I have chosen to examine the work and to some extent lives of Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol who were two of the main forces behind the American movement. I intend to reflect the attitudes of the public and artists in America at this time, while examining the growing popularity of pop art from its rocky, abstract expressionist start in the 1950s through the height of consumer culture in the 60s andRead MoreEssay on Art Criticism and Art History2671 Words   |  11 PagesArt criticism and Art History Case Study: The use of assemblage and the found object in historical and contemporary art practice. The origins of the practice of assemblage can be traced back to its early twentieth century roots based on ideas presented by Dadaists. The Dada movement was a literary and artistic movement during the First World War and further developed as a non-art movement. The main idea of Dada was to not follow a uniform rule of what an artwork entails in order to be valuedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesCritical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and SeptemberRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages(3) their potential markets all assume broad dimensions. The category of marketers might include, in addition to business firms, such diverse social units as (a) a political party trying to market its candidate to the public (b) the director of an art museum providing new exhibits to generate greater attendance and financial support (c) a labor union marketing its idea to members and to company management; and (d) professors trying to make their courses interesting for students. In addition to theRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagessupport while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University and Colin Gilligan Professor of Marketing Sheffield Hallam University and Visiting Professor, Northumbria University AMSTERDAM †¢ BOSTON

Leadership in Action, Culture, Strategic Change - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 954 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Information Essay Did you like this example? Leadership in Action, Culture, Strategic Change 07-09-2010 Dr. Yvonne Catino Abstract: This article focus on SF methods of control, current organizational cultures, SF strategy to improve, and how the improvements could affect SF future. Smith and Falmouth (SF) a midsize tele-shopping mail-order network (University of Phoenix, 2010). SF methods of control is a systematic process through which their project manager, logistics manager, and marketing manager who reports to the COO, regulate organizational activities to make them consistent with expectations established in plans, targets, and standards of performance (University of Phoenix, 2010). SF strategy to improve involves organizational comprehension, reward structure, and internal support systems (University of Phoenix). The organizations improvements should lead SF to empowerment, a profitable successful future. Introduction Leadership actions are individual and specific. The competence to supervise others generall y defines Leadership in most dictionaries (Hopen, 2010, p. 4). Leaders obtain a position of power, have the most information, and give orders (Daan, Knippenberg, Rus, Wise, 2010, p. 509). This paper will address SF methods of control, current organizational cultures, SF strategy to improve, and how the improvements could affect SF future. SF Methods of Control Management of any organization must establish control methods adapt to its organizations goals, and assets (Gustav, Tomek, Vavrova, Vera, 2010, p. 6). Control methods share several common characteristics. Control methods should include some of characteristic such, as crucial points, integrate into established processes, acceptances by employees, availability of information when needed, economic feasibility, accuracy, and comprehensibility (Gustav, Tomek, Vavrova, Vera, 2010, p. 46). The formal organizational structure of S and F Company consists of a formal chain of command (University of Phoenix). Organizational control is ta king a systematic approach to understanding if you are doing what needs to be done. The critical points include areas of an organizations operations exactly affect the success of its key operations. Controls must consummate within these organizations operations and should not bottleneck operations (Gustav, Tomek, Vavrova, Vera, 2010, p. 46). When Employees are involved in the configuration of controls there involvement can increase acceptance. The need to prioritize is usually important to complete assigned projects (Gustav, Tomek, Vavrova, Vera, 2010, p. 46). Costs associated with the projects the benefits of controls outweigh the costs. Accuracy provides factual information truthful, and constant. Controls must be easy to understand (Gustav, Tomek, Vavrova, Vera, 2010, p. 46). Smith and Falmouth (S) a midsize tele-shopping mail-order network (University of Phoenix, 2010). S methods of control is a systematic process through which their project manager, logistics manager, and marketing manager who reports to the COO, regulate organizational activities to make them consistent with expectations established in plans, targets, and standards of performance (University of Phoenix, 2010). The managers are made aware of targeted volumes, they receive appropriate budget figures with other well defined objectives and standard of performance (University of Phoenix, 2010). Informal cultures have roots within formal organizational structures (Gottieb, Levin, 2009). S Organizational Culture Although informal cultures become apparent spontaneously among members of an organization themselves, it is shaped by the formal structure of the organization (Thomson, 2010, p. 85). Organizational culture is a concept in the avocation of organizational studies, which construe the psychology, attitudes, experiences, personal, and cultural values (Mclean, Yang, Zheng, 2010, p. 763). The formal organizational structure of S and F Company consists of a formal chain of command ( University of Phoenix). S Strategy Implementing strategy involves creating ways things are done, eliminating strategy proficiently efficiently, and accomplishes results in timely manner (Mclean, Yang, Zheng, 2010, p. 763). S strategy to improve involves organizational comprehension, reward structure, and internal support systems (University of Phoenix). This strategy organizes employees around specific knowledge or resources (Thomson, 2010, p. 85). This can be seen by how S is currently divides into the product divisions: a web development team, a logistics team, and a marketing team (University of Phoenix). S strategy to improve will affect the size, organizational structure, individuals, groups, and teams. The organizations improvements should lead S to empowerment, a profitable successful future. In Conclusion It is very important to keep in mind an organization willingness to change. Strategic changes encompass introducing something new and consequentially deviating from w hat is viable in an organization (Alexander, Battilana, Gilmartin, Pache, Senqul, 2010, p. 422). Changes in organization can lead to consternation between organizational and individual interests, which can result in ethical and legal problems. Strategic change in organizations is very important and inevitable (Mcgurik, 2010, p. 457). References Alexander, Battilana, Gilmartin, Pache, Senqul, (2010). Leadership Competencies for Implementing Planned Organizational Change, Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 21, Issue 5, p. 422. Retrieved on July 5, 2010 from https://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com Daan, Knippenberg, Rus, Wise, (2010). Leadership self-definition and leader self-serving behavior. Leadership Quarterly, vol. 21, Issue3, p. 509. Retrieved on July 5, 2010 from https://proquest. umi. com Gottieb, Levin, (2009), Realigning Organization Culture for Optimal Performance: Six principles eight practices. Organization Development Journal, Vol. 27, Issue 4. Retrieved on July 5, 2010 from Development Institute. Gustav, Tomek, Vavrova, Vera, (2009), Operation, Operative or Operational Production Management. Ekonomie a Management, Vol. 12, Issue 4. p. 46. Retrieved on July 5, 2010 from https://www. ekonomie-management. cz Hopen, (2010), Leadership and Change. Journal for Quality Participation, vol. 32, Issue 4 p. 3. Retrieved on July 5, 2010 from https://proquest. umi. com Mcgurk (2010) Outcomes of Management and Leadership Development. Journal of Management Development, Vol. 29 Issue5, p. 457 Retrieved on June 27, 2010 from https://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. om Mclean, Yang, Zheng, (2010) Linking organizational culture, structure, strategy, and organizational effectiveness: Mediating role of knowledge management. Journal of Business Research, vol. 63 Issue 7, p. 763. Retrieved on July 5, 2010 from https://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com Thomson, (2010), The art and Science of experimental leadership: culture at the core of process change success. Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p. 85. Retrieved on July 6, 2010 from https://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com University of Phoenix Retrieved on July 6, 2010 from https://www. phoenix. edu Don’t waste time! 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The United States Prison Population - 1808 Words

The United States prison population has grown tremendously from approximately 500,000 to 2.3 million people in just three decades. We (U.S) spend almost $70 billion annually to place adults in prison and jails, to confine youth in detention centers, and to supervise 7.3 million individuals on probation and parole. California has the largest prison population in the country, with more than 170,000 individuals behind bars. In Los Angeles, more than half of current parolees live in neighborhoods that are home to less than 20 percent of the city s adult residents. More than a billion dollars are spent every year to incarcerate people from these communities. At the same time, as of spring 2010, the Los Angeles Unified School District was projecting a deficit of $640 million in the 2010-11 academic year. As a result, district officials were planning to raise class sizes and lay off thousands of teachers and other school-based staff. 40% of students expelled from schools each year are black. 70% of students are involved in â€Å"in school† arrest. 2 x black and latino students are twice as likely to not graduate than white students 68% of all males in federal prison do not have a high school diploma The yearly cost to incarcerate one child is $88,000 and the yearly cost of public education for one child is $10,600 The school-to-prison pipeline is exactly how it sounds it is a system that pushes students out of classrooms and into jail. In kensington droup outs , unemployment,Show MoreRelatedThe United States Has The Largest Prison Population In1336 Words   |  6 Pages The United States has the largest prison population in the world, but fails to perform the duties of successful correctional facilities. The lack of rehabilitation leads to unsuccessful reintegration into society as people released from prison are soon sent back for committing yet another crime, contributing to a violent crime rate of 372.6 per 100,000 inhabitants in the US in 2015 (FBI National Press Office, 2016). According to the US Department of Justice, more than 10,000 convicted criminalsRead MoreA Report On The United States s Nationwide Prison Population748 Words   |  3 Pages[http://felonvoting.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000286] only two states allow felons to vote while in prison. This is quite alarming, especially considering that America’s nationwide prison population, since 1980, has increased by nearly 800 perce nt. This increase is due to harsher punishments for non-violent crimes, resulting in more than  1.57 million  inmates being imprisoned in federal, state, and local prisons and jails at any given time. In addition, an estimated 12 million AmericansRead MoreThe Growing Inmate Population And Its Effects On The Prison System1099 Words   |  5 PagesInmate Population and Its Effects on the Prison System Frankie Lorino Jr. University of Troy â€Æ' Abstract The purpose of this paper is to look at the prevalence of overcrowding in the United States prison system, what led to its current conditions, and how it effects the its fundamental function. The explanation of growth is suggested by Davey 1998 and Anderson 2000. Jacobson, 2005 outlines some of the affairs leading to the change in prison functions. The dire state of conditions in prison facilitiesRead MoreReform, Means Improvement : Prison Reform Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesReform, means improvement. Prison reform, means the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, establishing a more effective penal system, or implement alternatives to incarceration. The penal system is part of the larger criminal justice system. Prison reformation, is not just about the justice system or the criminal justice system. They all have a different meaning, but, in all, they do involve with the same concepts, expectations, and ways of doing things because it deals with community, societyRead More The Judicial Branch Of The United States1376 Words   |  6 PagesWithin the United States government exists the Judicial Branch. The Judicial Branch is responsible for explaining the laws that are created and determining whether or not they are constitutional. The Judicial Branch has the power to punish violators of these laws based on the severity of the crime. Matching a punishment to the crime is not as easy task. An issue within the Judicial Branch, and the United States as a whole, is the overcrowding of the prisons caused by high mandatory sentencingRead MoreCrime in the United States1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States is one of the most developed countries in the world, if not the most developed, yet the U.S. has the largest prison population in the entire world by far. For most of my life I have always believed that the American justice system worked. When people do wrong they need to be punished and pay for their crimes. That is what our justice system is here for so how could is possibly go wrong? Unfortunetly it is not as simple as it sounds and all it takes is a little research to discoverRead MorePrison Overcrowding Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pages Prison Overcrowding Nicole Neal American Intercontinental University Abstract This research paper is to explore the impact of prison overcrowding. The United States has a, what seems to be everlasting, prison overcrowding problem. Not only does the United States have this dilemma, but also many other countries have overcrowded prisons as well. Many issues need to be addressed; ways to reduce the prison populations and how to effectively reduce prison cost withoutRead MoreEthical Practices And The Supervision And Treatment Of Prison Populations1731 Words   |  7 Pagesand treatment of prison populations 1 Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations Alvin D. Chestnut CJ552 10/24/2014 Prof: John Hill Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations 2 INTRODUCTION This paper will define the treatment of prisons within the United States, Central AmericaRead MoreOvercrowding And Its Effects On The United States Prison System1178 Words   |  5 Pages Overcrowding prisons are an issue that has been influencing the United States prison population for decades, however what is the true significance of overcrowding. As indicated by Jeff Bleich (1989) â€Å"the term overcrowding is repetitive, since crowding already refers to a higher level of social density than is desired†. An overcrowded prison is a shocking condition that causes outrage and dissatisfaction among detainees (Haney, 2014). This condition is so undesirable that one can consider it as unconstitutionalRead MoreThe Video Of Last Week Tonight By John Oliver884 Words   |  4 Pagesincarceration in the United States. He starts by talking about the extremely large prison population in America. According to Oliver America has a larger prison population than China despite having a much smaller overall population. In fact America has the largest prison population in the entire world. He then discusses how the prison population is mostly populated with minorities and tha t whites are extremely underrepresented in prisons. Oliver talks about how the prison population has grown eight times

What Causes Small Business Failure - 2675 Words

Adonis Barker English 290 Erin Anthony 12/9/2014 Failure to Success The main reason for my research paper is to address how small businesses fail and ways to help them become successful. My reason for this topic is because I am majoring in Business Management and I want to receive a better understanding of why small businesses fail. I have multiple questions that I would like to research to help get the reader and I insights into what causes small business failure. Much has been written in the literature regarding reasons for small business failure, leading to confusion about those studies, as it is often difficult to define failure. Failure is a person or thing that proves unsuccessful. Success is the favorable or prosperous termination of attempts or endeavors; the accomplishment of one’s goals. There are fewer studies citing reasons for small firm success. Factors citing reasons for failure may also appear as factors affecting success according to Gaskill, VanAuken, and Manning (1993). Researching all of the causes and r easons for small businesses to fail, and also researching ways that’ll help them become successful. Focusing mainly on the ethics of the small business, the management, sufficient capital, customer service, daily income, etc. Where there is uncertainty, there is bound to be failure. It is not surprising therefore, that many new businesses fail. The questions that comes to mind is in terms of business how much capital isShow MoreRelatedAnswer Chapter 1 Entrepreneurship the d1198 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussion Questions 1. What forces have led to the boom in entrepreneurship in the United States? Answer - Corporate downsizing flooding the market with corporate cast-offs, an attitude that small is beautiful, international economic development due to the fall of communism and the capitalization of former state-owned industries, a dream of freedom and independence, perseverance in achieving results, and the opportunities presented by an ever-changing environment. 2. What is an entrepreneur? GiveRead MoreHow Accountants Act As Business Advisors978 Words   |  4 Pageshow accountants act as business advisors to small businesses, causing them to have a lower risk of failure and higher growth rate than those who do not. The research findings of Barbera, Hasso, and Rajavel were extremely helpful in supporting this thesis. Dr. Rajavel studied failing or failed businesses in an â€Å"economically resourceful† set of islands in the Bay of Bengal. He published a journal article based on his findings entitled â€Å"A Study on Causes for Business Failure: An Empirical Analysis†Read MoreSmall Business 101 Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe small business marketplace is extremely dynamic and the changes are fast. Here are some encouraging facts from the US Small Business Administration on small businesses. There are about 30 million small businesses in the United States and employ just over half of the country’s private workforce. They employ a staggering 40% of high tech workers such as computer professionals, scientists and engineers. 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My Failed Business Choice The company I chose to do research on is Borders Group, Inc. â€Å"BordersRead MoreBusiness Risks And Business Risk1408 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Risk is an uncertainty that is affiliated with a particular circumstance that could affect business operation or cause financial insecurities for the company. Business risk assessment is the process of determining whether a particular uncertain circumstance has the potential to threaten your business operations (Schwartz and Chandler, 2012). In the competitive market, it is important that businesses assess the risk regularly and respond with a sound reaction to be successful. Small businessesRead MoreWhat Is Civil Recovery?815 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Civil Recovery? †¢ The Retail industry was in need of legislative assistance to combat rampant theft (employee and customer), which costs retailers an estimated $ 30 billion each year. †¢ Retailers lobbied successfully to define a civil remedy against theft offenders that recognized the total cost of theft (beyond just the actual value of what was stolen). †¢ Over the past 20 years, all 50 states have passed Civil Recovery Statutes, which allow for merchants and other victims of theft to pursueRead MoreMcdonalds Arch Deluxe1551 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION McDonald’s has been in the hamburger business since the 1950’s and grown into a world-wide fast-food giant known for â€Å"Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value†. As the McDonald’s empire grew so did their menu, it adapted to the tastes of their customers. In 1996 McDonald’s launched the Arch Deluxe; their answer to what adults want to eat. 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Agile Methodology of Michael Chiozza Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Agile Methodology of Michael Chiozza. Answer: Introduction The case study that is given is about a company whose chairman Michael Chiozza works in the power generation, mining sector and information technology. The executive staff of the company fails to implement the project methodology that helps to increase the market influence of the company. Michael Chiozza has ordered to implement a Project Methodology that increase the market influence of the company. The suggested method that the company should follow is the Agile Methodology. The presentation describes different aspects of Agile Method which helps to benefit the company of Michael Chiozza. Agile Methodology The alternativeproject management software development methodology that can be used by the chairman Michael Chiozza is the Agile Methodology. Agile is a project development method that should be used by the company of Michael Chiozza to establish in the market (Al-Azawi, Ayesh and Obaidy 2014). A group of methodologies of software development that is related with iterative development is the agile method of software development. The method of agile software development helps to discipline the process ofproject management which enhances frequent adaptation and inspection. It also enhances a teamwork that has a leadership philosophy, self accountability and organization and also comprises of a set of best practices of engineering which results in high quality software. Agile methodology is a process of development which relates with the goals of the company and satisfies the need of the customer. The concepts that re related to Agile Manifesto is the development of agile methodology. Life Cycle of Agile Method Initiation: The initiation method describes the strategy that is behind execution of the project. Development Phase: In this phase planning should be done about how to increase the market influence of the company. The details of the breakdown of the strategies of process that is followed by the company should be detailed and all the risks that are associated with the planning process are to be developed. Acceptance Phase: In this phase the project is accepted if all the planning and development phase methods are accepted. If not, then changes are implemented accordingly and then it is deployed to the customers. Iteration Phase: As Agile method is an iteration process, the full process is repeated once more for further confirmation. Strategies for Continuing Professional Development (CPD) The development of all the knowledge that are needed in software development and the technical personal, professional, skills that are related to business and management throughout the life cycle of the project is known Continuing Professional Development. The strategies of Continuing Professional Development are applied to all the workforce of social care all over the setting of organizations. All the workers and the managers are applied in the Continuing Professional Development which also includes the social workers that consists of learning of all types at all the levels of software development (Patwardhan et al. 2016). The strategies of Continuing Professional Development include qualification, registration, post registration and training. The strategy of Continuing Professional Development reflects model of social development that helps to promote and give value in greater recognition for all the work that is done and also the roles that comes under social care that are paid an d non paid and also enables flexible pathways for career. Agile Practices that are followed The practices that are followed by the agile methodology in developing a software development are as follows (Iqbal and Javed 2014): Development of test driven programming, Refactoring that is rigorous and regular, Integration that is continuous, Simple design of development, Programming pair, The codebase is shared in all the programmers, A single standard of coding is adhered by the programmers, A single war room is shared among all the areas of agile methodology. Agile framework There are many frameworks that the agile methodology works with. These are as follows: Scrum Agile Methodology The method of Scrum Agile is based on the interaction between three main roles that are systematic: Scrum master, Team and Product Owner (Al-Azawi, Ayesh and Obaidy 2014). The Scrum Master is a figure that is central within a project. This helps to eliminate all boundaries that obstruct the efficient working of the team. The Team of Scrum is a group of self organizing and cross functional people who are responsible for the implementation of the product. A scrum team should have at least seven team members so that they can stay flexible and also productive. The work of project owner is to be involved throughout the project which conveys a global vision of product. This product is usually a stakeholder or a customer. The project owner conveys a vision that is global throughout the project and provides feedback after completion of the job. The artifacts that Scrum depends on are manages all the requirements and also tracks the progress that includes products backlog, chart of sprint bur ndown and sprint backlog. Kanban Framework The framework of Kanban is to prioritize work that is in progress. The Kanban method limits the scope so that the team matches the capacity effectively. When the task gets completed, the team of the Kanban takes the work that comes next in the pipeline (Butt et al. 2017). The development process gives more planning flexibility, clears the objective and also provides a transparency of the work that is being done. Lean Agile Framework: Eliminating all the waste that comes in Software Engineering This method of Agile is the thirdly most used approach agile method. Near about 21% of the organization possesses the Lean framework. This method is an incremental and iterative methodology. Seven basic principles are included in Lean Agile framework: Eliminate waste Create knowledge and Amplify learning Decision is taken lately Deliver is very fast Empower the full team Build integrity or quality in project development See all the process as a whole. Responsibilities in Agile Methodology Product Manager orProduct Owner: The Product Manager orProduct Owner is the CEO of product that is being made. The Manager focuses on the long term product vision and short term product vision in a product line (Peroni 2016). They also represent the interest of customer. They represent the product in the outside world. RESPONSIBILITIES: Responsible for the markets, competitive analysis and business case, Responsible for short term and long term product vision, Responsible for Net Profit and ROI, Features are prioritizes for releases that are based on expected ROI, Writes the Acceptance Criteria, User stories are written, Tradeoff decisions are made between scope that is value that is expected in ROI and also the schedule. Program Manager: The Program Manger solves the problem and also makes decisions that are impartial which is not biased to the product or to engineering or to any different groups (Borad et al. 2015). RESPONSIBILITIES: Planning process is managed, Program schedule is managed overall, Drives multiple projects or releases, Facilitates Release of Retrospective and Planning, Access to people and tools are provided, All action items for project are owned until right owner is found, Reporting the project status in all directions is owned, Coordinates other supports that are release, Responsible for mitigation and risk assessment, Educates or Enforces that is agreed on methodology and processes rules, Educates or Enforces responsibilities and roles. Architect: The Architects are those who lead the direction that are technical in the method of agile methodology. RESPONSIBILITIES: Responsible for systems of cross functional that is designed from end to end and are also needed for communication (Tavakoli, Gandomani and Ahmadi 2016). Works with Project Manager to group the features that is based on Architectural Elements that support them on priorities, Tests the Architectural Elements with testable and executable design that includes abstract interfaces. Facilitates the technical decision, incorporates feedback and emergent patterns from team back into overall design, produces detailed approach and alternate the Design Concepts. Ensures all the Design goals including Accessibility, Modularity, Reusability, Reliability, Performance, Maintainability and Internationalization, Technical cohesion is ensured and technical contract is written in the interfaces and other objects that are and data entities, Leads provides feedback and design review. Engineering Manager: The work of Engineering Manager is to ensure the completion of work that is in progress successfully and also understands process in which product is created (Dhir and Sarraf 2016). RESPONSIBILITIES: Responsible for lead time and production rate, Responsible for initial sizing that is of high level, Works with team and architect to prove the technical integrity, Responsible to conduct investigations on technology of forward leaning (spikes), Negotiates with architect that depends on the technical approaches, Most bottlenecks are removed, Engineering of best practices are enforced, Motivation of the team is ensured, Team members career development is assisted. Product Developer: The Product Developer is used to create the product RESPONSIBILITIES: Sizes of all backlog items are estimated, Translation of all backlog items to logical units of task and engineering design, Technical feasibility is evaluated, Backlog items are implemented, Writes and also verifies the code that adheres to acceptance criteria, Application of best practices of product development. Quality Assurance: The Quality Assurance prevents defects that enter the system instead of finding them at last (Duka 2013). This also facilitates the building integrity of the software development process and the product. RESPONSIBILITIES: Test plans are written by QA that enforce features acceptance criteria, Keeps test plans and cases that are updated for changing requirements, Continually integrates base of the code with tests regression at functional level and builds automatically, Notifies when there is blockage in the production that happens due to errors of development, Measuring Quality, Defining Quality, Improving Quality and Quality Assurance Best Practices are enforced. References Al-Azawi, R., Ayesh, A. and Obaidy, M.A., 2014, January. Towards agent-based agile approach for game development methodology. InComputer Applications and Information Systems (WCCAIS), 2014 World Congress on(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Borad, A., Rajput, I., Borad, A. and Rajput, I.J., 2015. Software Engineering-Agile Methodology using Butt, F.L., Bhatti, S.N., Sarwar, S., Jadi, A.M. and Saboor, A., 2017. Optimized Order of Software Testing Techniques in Agile ProcessA Systematic Approach.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (ijacsa),8(1). Development: A Case Study of XP Agile Methodology.International Journal of Software Engineering and Technology,2(1). Dhir, S. and Sarraf, S., 2016. Crime and criminal tracking networks systems using agile methodology.BIJIT-BVICAMs International Journal of Information Technology,8(1), pp.930-933. Duka, D., 2013, May. Adoption of agile methodology in software development. InInformation Communication Technology Electronics Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2013 36th International Convention on(pp. 426-430). IEEE. Iqbal, U. and Javed, A., 2014. Scrum (R-Scrum) Introduction Of Model Driven Architecture (MDA) In Agile Methodology.International Journal of Scientific Technology Research,3(11), pp.296-302. Patwardhan, A., Kidd, J., Urena, T. and Rajgopalan, A., 2016. Embracing Agile methodology during DevOps Developer Internship Program.arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.01893. Peroni, S., 2016. SAMOD: an agile methodology for the development of ontologies. SCRUM.International Journal for Innovative Research in Science Technology,1(12), pp.175-189. Singh, S., Kumar, N. and Bansai, V., 2015. Adoption of agile methodology in software industry.International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research,6(5), pp.198-142. Tavakoli, Z., Gandomani, T.J. and Ahmadi, M., 2016. Knowledge Management in Agile Software

Competitive Strategy for Internal Resources and Capabilities

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategy for Internal Resources and Capabilities. Answer: What is the Spirit Airline strategy? The strategy applied by Spirit Airline is a business strategy. Typically, there are two types of strategies that can be considered in this case. The business strategy and corporate strategy. A corporate strategy relates to the decision of a firm to determine what kind of a business activity to undertake and then commit the resources necessary for the task (Barnett 2004). In this case the strategy of Spirit Airline is a business strategy because an activity have been selected. All the company need is to have a competitive advantage in the industry. Assess spirit Airline strategy in terms of its fit (with its business environment and its internal resources/ capabilities). The business strategy applied by Spirit Airline have a perfect positive correlation with business environment along with capabilities to undertake the business. First, Spirit Airline is an ultra-low-cost company. This low fare airline make affordable offers to the customers so as to enable them move from one destination to another. Therefore, by lowering the costs in this business environment, Spirit Airline will be able to attract more customers as compared to other airlines. Therefore, the business strategy fit the company fully (Thomas 2009). In terms of resources and capabilities, Spirit Airline uses its ULCC business model to offer low and affordable travel fares to its customers. This is associated with a range of optional services that they offer. In that case, the customers are in a position to select the options they find fit for them from that list produced by the company. Spirit Airline have capability of lowering their travel costs and at the same time able to maintain hu ge profit margins. Assess spirit Airline strategy in relation to its financial performance (ROE, ROA, and fuel/Turn). Spirit Airline business strategy have enabled the company to generate huge profits. The financial performance of Spirit Airline have been facing serious troubles in the past. However, by application of business strategy, the company have been able to possess an upward trend in terms of financial performance. Again, in terms of fuel, there have been some benefits associated with reduction in prices of oil. This have boosted the financial performance of Spirit Airline business to a larger extent. Again, there has been recovery of the US economy from great depression which as well play a significant part in financial performance (Saunders, Lewis Thornhill 2009). In terms of ROE, Spirit Airline have been able to utilize ultra-low cost structure to attain a manageable operation costs which have been facilitated by utilization of aircraft services, high carrying capacity, dedicated workforce along with well-planned flight schedules. Again, there has been reduction on costs associated with sales, marketing as well as in distribution. Finally on ROA, Spirit Airline Company have been able to achieve financial performance by using the opportunities to position or to strategize itself for growth and development (Ryan Deci 2017). There has been several networks that have opened up. Thus, the market for the services offered by the company are increasing. There are still more targeted markets such as Latin America and Caribbean. The existence of niche markets along with new opportunities in Latin America and Caribbean have assisted the company to focus on financial performance. What can we learn from financial data about the sources of its performance compared to competition? The financial data offered for Spirit Airline are indicating a particular trend on operating data as well as in the financial position of Spirit Airline Company. The cash flow statement also offer substantial financial data on performance of Spirit Airline Company. Each year from 2012 to 2015, the net income generated by Spirit Airline Company tend to be an upward trend. This is a very positive trend in business (Richard 2013). It indicate that the business is undergoing growth and development. If this is compared to what the competitors have dine in this field of business, then we can be able to indicate whether Spirit Airline have achieved competitive advantage. On competition, it is very clear that airline industry tend to be very competitive. This implies that, Spirit Airline need to come up with strategies to outdone these competitors and in return gain the competitive advantage (McGregor 2012). From the financial data, it is clear and distinct that Spirit Airline have been able to outdo the competitors. This may have resulted from application of business strategy such lowering travel costs and offering a range of options to the consumers on the service list. What threats does spirit Airline face; how should it counter these threats? The main challenge that Spirit Airline face in this industry is competition. There are a number of Airline companies that are in operation. In that case, the whole industry is affected by intense competition which result to dismal profit margins (Maslow 2013). To counter this problem, Spirit Airline Company need to use business strategy to attract consumers and in return attain competitive advantage. What threats to its continuing growth and prosperity should spirit airline be most concerned with? Spirit Airline Company should be concerned with treats such as poor economic conditions that can affect business growth, instability in capital structure to expand the business and risks of uncertainty relating to airline services. What changes/ recommendations in spirit airline strategy would you recommend? My recommendation to business strategy on Spirit Airline is based on the future of Airline industry. In the near future, the world will become a global village (Weiss 2013). The company should revisit the strategy to figure out whether it is possible to offer airline services to many more destinations. The company also need to apply the modern technology in airline industry so as to facilitate the underlying operations. References. Barnett, MB 2004, Rules of the World: International Organizations in Global Politics, Cornell University Press. Maslow, AH 2013, A Theory of Human Motivation, Start publishing LLC. McGregor, D 2012, the Human Side of Enterprise, New Yolk, 21. Richard, A 2013, Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective, Grin publishing. Ryan, RM., Deci, EL 2017, Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Need in Motivation, development and Wellness, The Guilford press. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A 2009, Research methods for business students, Pearson. Thomas, KW 2009, Intrinsic Motivation: What Really Drives Employees Engagement, Berret-Koehler publishers. Weiss, TG 2013, the United Nations and Changing World Politics, Westview Press.